The Relationship between Energy Intake and Blood Glucose Levels with Total Cholesterol Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Working Area of Mandala Community Health Center

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is among the four main priorities in non-communicable diseases. In 2024, Indonesia ranked 5th out of 10 countries with the highest number of diabetes mellitus cases, totaling 20.4 million people. Modifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus include an unhealthy diet and elevated total cholesterol levels. Data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey showed that 11.7% of the population had high total cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the relationships among energy intake, blood glucose levels, and total cholesterol levels among patients with diabetes mellitus in the working area of Mandala Health Center. This study employed a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling, involving 48 patients with diabetes mellitus. Data collection was conducted through interviews, questionnaires, and capillary blood sampling. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariately using Spearman’s Rank test, and multivariately using logistic regression. Bivariate analysis showed a relationship between energy intake and total cholesterol levels in diabetes patients (p=0.001; r=0.459), as well as between blood glucose levels and total cholesterol levels (p=0.003; r=0.422). Multivariate analysis showed that energy intake and blood glucose levels were not associated with total cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (very low intake p=0.999; low intake p=0.999; adequate intake p=0.999; excessive intake p=0.558; blood glucose levels p=0.057).